Calculation note
Weekday calculation connects ordinary scheduling with calendar history. A day name looks simple, but it depends on a shared calendar system, the seven-day week and the convention used to map numbered dates onto weekdays.
The seven-day week is a repeating cycle
Weekday calculation works because weekday names repeat in a fixed seven-day cycle. Once a calendar date is mapped onto that cycle, moving forward or backward by seven days lands on the same weekday.
The Gregorian calendar matters for modern dates
Modern civil dates usually use the Gregorian calendar. Leap-year rules keep the calendar aligned with the solar year, which is why weekday arithmetic must account for month lengths and leap days rather than simply counting every year as 365 days.
Historical dates need calendar context
Different countries adopted the Gregorian calendar at different times. A printed historical date can therefore have a different weekday depending on whether the Julian calendar, Gregorian calendar or a local convention was used.